PTLLS Unit 012 Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning Essay

Produce 1 Written Rationale of 1000 words for all territories of examination in 1 to 3. 1.1 Analyze how sorts of evaluation are utilized in long lasting learning: â€Å"Assessments ought to be a standard procedure; it may not generally be formalized, however you ought to be seeing what your students are doing, posing inquiries and investigating their advancement all through their time with you†. Gravells A. Page 113. Evaluations are utilized to follow student as well as coach progress. Underneath I have recorded some used in my ordinary educating life: Beginning Assessment Attempted before an exercise or course is conveyed and guides my meeting wanting to meet learner’s desires. In a perfect world this distinguishes earlier information, individual learner’s current levels and any uncommon necessities. Attempted utilizing a mix of the accompanying: * Observations * One-to-one assessment ‘Is the student is on the privilege course’ ‘Will they effectively complete all necessities to pass this course’. * Competency tests (Functional Skills). Is there is any shortcoming? Extra modules to help the student. Developmental Assessment An on-going procedure occurring during meetings appearing as: * Quizzes and riddles. Discovers information assimilation. * Verbal inquiry and answers. Enables check whether the students to fathom the subject. * Journals. To help the record sentiments, what went right and what can be enhanced. This encourages me survey educating to the right level or helpful I acclimations to my arrangement and strategies. * Observations. I can stroll around the room and watch the learner’s work. Summative Assessments Done toward the finish of a course to gauge what amount has been held as a rule through: * End obviously formal tests or tests. To perceive what they have realized. * Portfolio: This is a gather particle of the students work all through the course. 1.2 Analyze how evaluation techniques are utilized in long lasting learning: To distinguish what earlier information a student has, I would make a self-appraisal poll that requires explicit answers, (mark boxes). I would then incorporate this with my meeting plans. Journals or Learning Journals are utilized to report on-going gaining from every meeting. Progress is estimated and any holes in educating or learning tended to. Recreation is utilized to check whether students can get directions and proliferation of what they have seen or heard in regular day to day existence circumstances. Assignments assess how well students can investigate specific subjects at that point put words to their discoveries. Conversations are a decent vehicle for appraisal and understanding when different techniques might be hard to oversee. Friend input where individual students give their remarks and approach inquiries for lucidity. 1.3 Evaluate qualities and constraints of appraisals strategies to meet individual more slender needs: Tests and riddles can be utilized casually to evaluate if learning is occurring. Be that as it may if the design is to quantify singular learning the inquiries should be differed. The best path is to have the appraisal PC produced however this isn't generally conceivable if the right programming or office isn't accessible. Journals help proficiency and language aptitudes. The student would likewise have the option to consider back what they have realized; assembling their certainty to self-evaluate. With the goal for this to work, there should be clear points and targets. A portfolio is a conventional method to assemble proof created over some stretch of time covering all subjects instructed. This should be checked for things, for example, written falsification and if data utilized is current and effectively referenced. Pretend is another appraisal technique. The students are given a situation from their exercise which they have the chance to carry on connecting hypothesis to rehearse. There should be clear clarification given, this can be tedious and not all students may feel good assuming jobs. Assessments can survey what students have held by simply reviewing data. The drawback of this is students may have just been trained what is expected to finish the test and not hold any of different hypotheses they may require at a later stage. 2.1 Evaluate how to include students in the appraisal procedure: As a mentor I will complete different strategies for appraisal to keep up consistent improvement; I additionally include my students all the while. By giving my students clear rules they attempt shared evaluations, where they give verbal criticism to one another. This animates center around the subject being instructed; empowers relational abilities and the disclosure of shared view. Some of the time remarks originating from a companion can be preferable gotten over from the guide. Checking their own work and progress through self-appraisal is valuable as this offers students a chance to step back and think about their targets and whether they’ve achieved them. I additionally direct coordinated instructional exercises in a casual way where we examine goals, progress and advancement. This shows positive and individual consideration. As expressed by Wilson L. (2009). page112 â€Å"Assessment is a term given to watching that learning has happened. It might occur at any stage during the learner’s progress through their qualification†. Evaluations are additionally a device to rouse and support the certainty of students. 2.2 Analyze the job of companion and self â€assessment in the appraisal procedure: Peer evaluations are a decent methods for affirming and sharing thoughts. During encouraging meetings I am ready to depict my perceptions and legitimize how I arrived at resolutions. My companions may concur or get me to take a gander at what I’ve communicated in an alternate manner in this manner through conversation we go to an accord. Taking a gander at peer appraisal on my small scale instruct meeting. I was satisfied with the input. It plainly indicated what I am certain about; what I have to enhance and what I ought to consider for future conveyance. Their input was empowering and it has affirms I have settled on the right choice profession shrewd. I discovered trying what I definitely know with what I have realized in the course of recent weeks exceptionally helpful. There were a few difficulties I had while making my own small scale show meeting, this is all piece of the learning procedure for me. Both during however predominately as meeting reach a conclusion I to do a psychological self-appraisal prompting writing down my own musings down to help improvement going ahead. 3.1 Explain the need to track appraisal learning: Assessments ought to be recorded make proof of realizing, how it is assessed and progress made. Records additionally fill for the need of confirmation for reviews, for quality affirmation and for administrative bodies. * Assessment following can be utilized to show improvement and students prerequisites being met. * Feedback and activity records are utilized to show that a student has had input, what was concurred and when it is done. * Learning styles results will help with comprehensiveness while auditing or making meeting plans. * Enrolment structures to affirm the learner’s subtleties, crisis contact, regardless of whether they are allowed to contemplate and what the student pursued. 3.2 Summarize necessities for keeping records in an association: All legislature, lawful and hierarchical rules ought to be followed and consistently evaluated. Classification must be kept up consistently by any people holding/utilizing individual information in accordance with the ‘Data Protection’ and ‘Freedom of Information’ Acts. Records ought to be precise, decipherable and current with explicit guidelines in regards to capacity, access and expulsion of outdated data. All techniques ought to be to a concurred standard regardless of who, whom and how embraced. WORDCOUNT: 1089 Book reference Gravells A. (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector fifth Edition, London: Learning Matters Wilson L. (2009) Practical Teaching A Guide to PTLLS and DTLLS. Cengage Learning EMEA

Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is an arrangement wherein the recently distraught because of segregation get priority.â It came to presence as a cure toward separation and afterward turned into an issue without anyone else as indicated by certain scholars, who are rivals to it. Supporters accept governmental policy regarding minorities in society ought to be embraced to give equivalent business opportunity, however realities show that it does not.â Affirmative activity is an extremely questionable issue, which has been bantered for more than thirty years.â â Unlike separation, there are not all that numerous laws against governmental policy regarding minorities in society, yet rivals are to be sure dealing with forbidding it any place it is workable for them to do as such. Chapter by chapter list Brief Overview of Affirmative Action Source of Affirmative Action Perspectives on Affirmative Action Individuals who profit by Affirmative Action Work and Affirmative Action Governmental policy regarding minorities in society and Equal Employment Opportunity Legitimate Issues of Affirmative Action Step by step instructions to Stop Affirmative Action from Being Taken Advantages and disadvantages of Affirmative Action Brief Overview of Affirmative Action  â â â Affirmative Action is generally characterized as a functioning exertion to improve work or instructive open doors for individuals from minority gatherings and ladies or one to advance the rights or progress of other impeded individuals. (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002)  â â â by and by, governmental policy regarding minorities in society is taken by giving ladies and individuals from a minority bunch priority.â For example, an organization has an opening for a bookkeeper.â On figuring out who ought to be recruited, the organization gives ladies and individuals from a minority bunch priority.â This could likewise occur with advancement: just ladies and individuals from aâ minority bunch are probably going to be advanced, and with training: ladies and individuals from a minority bunch have better odds of getting awards and grants that would empower them to go to school.  â â â Another method of outlining how governmental policy regarding minorities in society is taken would be with a study hall wherein a few understudies get a lot of out of line punishments.â One day it is brought to the teacher’s consideration that she will be excused except if uncalled for rehearses are stopped.â In an endeavor to address the past unsatisfactory conduct, the educator begins treating those understudies with a preference.â first and foremost this will be absolutely fitting, as those understudies should feel that they are not abuseed any longer. Beginning of Affirmative Action  â â â Affirmative activity is accepted to have occurred as a solution for the awfulâ discrimination that deplorably used to take place.â As a matter of  fact, as indicated by T.H. Anderson, (2004) in 1940 segregation was convention and in certain states it wasâ even law.â Sad however it may now solid to us, the most taught andâ refined African-American didn't have the rights the most illiterateâ and disgusting white individual did (p. 2). In this way, when discriminationâ became illicit in the United States, governmental policy regarding minorities in society began toâ take place.  â â â By the mid-1970’s minorities and ladies were winning noteworthy triumphs, which could be seen on development sites,â exemplified by the Metro in Washington D.C. Mayor Walter E. Washington made a sensational stride, commanding a solid agreed actionâ program in which every single privately owned business working together or having contracts with city corridor would need to submit plans with objectives toâ advanced minorities and ladies. (J.H. Anderson, 2004, p. 142)  â â â A legitimate governmental policy regarding minorities in society plan is one methods for attempting to fix theâ effects of past illicit discrimination.â Under such an arrangement, anâ employer settles on business choices dependent on race or sex factor thatâ ordinarily can’t be thought of, so as to reestablish equivalent opportunityâ employment for bunches that have confronted segregation. At the point when a court finds that a business has segregated and there are noâ other powerful intends to cure the separation, the court mayâ require the business to take certifiable action.â For instance, a courtâ may request an organization to recruit one African-American representative for each two white ones employed until the company’s workforce takes after theâ racial blend of the network.  (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156)  â â â A business may likewise need to set up a governmental policy regarding minorities in society plan as partâ of intentional settling a legal dispute or the procedure of E.E.O.C. (Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission).â Any voluntaryâ program must meet the E.E.O.C.’s Guidelines on Affirmative Action Plans. (F.S. Steinhold, 2007, p. 156) Perspectives on Affirmative Action  â â â Because it gives the idea that initially substantial plans of governmental policy regarding minorities in society became in a way adulterated or manhandled, there have been a few adversaries to it.â Affirmative activity is a subject that has been discussed and dissected by thinkers, lawful researchers, social researchers, legislators, columnists, article authors, and normal residents for three decades.  â â â Basically, the discussion has different sides: the Right and the Left.â The Right, which is absolutely against it, expresses that Affirmative activity just motivations individuals to get what they want not on the grounds that they merit it, but since they have a place with a gathering that was segregated in the past.â According to this site, governmental policy regarding minorities in society is unmeritocratic, prompts turn around separation, and is an un-American assurance of equivalent outcomes rather than equivalent opportunity.â The Left, which underpins it, expresses that governmental policy regarding minorities in society is a remuneration for past shameful acts and an assurance of a decent amount of the monetary pie. (J.D. Skrentny, 1996, p. 1 and 2)  â â â To accommodate the two perspectives, it could maybe be said that a governmental policy regarding minorities in society plan may be appropriate in the start of a non-oppressive timeframe; ladies and individuals from minority gatherings should feel that they are not segregated anymore.â On the other hand, there is no purpose behind this timeframe to last forever.â For example, in the United States separation became illicit a quite a while back, so recently separated individuals ought not be given any sort of need due to what it used to occur in the removed past.  â â â When it got indispensable to make the confirmed move in the fierce time of 1964 to 1971, a cautious thought of the social and verifiable conditions turned out to be completely important in its discussion and a clarification for why it happened was required as well.â (Clayton and Crosby, 1992, p. 2) Nowadays, over thirty years after that period, governmental policy regarding minorities in society would essentially be against rationale and no clarification might be given subsequently.  â â Affirmative Action is accepted to be one of the most dubious strategies in the United States.â â€Å"The issues are mind boggling, they mix solid emotions, and in the media everybody appears to have a feeling on the theme (Clayton and Crosby, 1992, p. 1).â This infers a lot of comprehension is required.  â â â The multifaceted nature of governmental policy regarding minorities in society as a theme is outlined by the contention of whether the rendition of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 required or denied portions †George Bush’s conviction versus his advocates - , the arrangement of Clarence Thomas †a governmental policy regarding minorities in society recipient who shockingly contradicted it - , and the obvious move in the Supreme Court. (S.D. Clayton and F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4)  â â â Opponents of governmental policy regarding minorities in society are believedâ to originate from an assortment of quarters: Supreme Court Justice Thomas †an African-American who contradicts it †Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, and Glenn Lowry †African-American pundits who increased national consideration talking about the approach - , and Stephen Carter †William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale University. Their responses to governmental policy regarding minorities in society appear to be charming. (S.D. Clayton and F.J. VanDeVeer, 2000, p. 4)  â â â â Why individuals who profit by governmental policy regarding minorities in society contradict to it merits the wonder of whoever learns of the fact.â It could maybe be deciphered that they need to be equivalent †neither better nor worse.â  The reality that they are presently conceded more rights since they were once denied of the ones they ought to have in any case is probably going to cause them to feel inferior.â at the end of the day, their fairness ought to be placed in power and they should just acquire what they appropriately merit paying little heed to their experience.  â â â â â â â â Affirmative activity turned into a significant issue in state courts in California and in Pennsylvania, where it was in reality asserted that its practically unavoidable impact was opposite separation. Individuals who profit by Affirmative Action  â â â by and large, having a place with a minority bunch is because of an intrinsic or acquired issue, similar to ladies, African Americans, and individuals from various origins.â On the other hand, there are a few gatherings of individuals who tenaciously joined a minority group.â For example, numerous individuals learned one religion at home and later changed over to an alternate one.â Homosexuality and bi-sexuality is easily proven wrong: a few scholars accept extraordinary sexual directions are in the qualities, while some different ones accept they involve option.â Regardless of which scholars are correct, gay and bi-sexual individuals were casualties of separation previously and later got recipients of governmental policy regarding minorities in society.  â â â â As we as a whole know, African Americans were for all intents and purposes the most exceedingly terrible survivors of discrimination.â Without any privilege at all, individuals were taken from Africa and brought to America to be sold as slaves.â The dreadful subjugation was abrogated a couple hundred years after the fact, yet African Americans were as yet incapable

The Laptop Computer :: Mobile Computing Portable

Alan Kay has commented that had Vannevar Bush delighted in working on the whole night coffeehouses, he would have concocted the compact PC. (Press, 1993, p.31) The PC had a colossal effect in the regions of business, instruction, government, and individual use. The development of compact registering and the PC be followed to the presentation of the PC itself. In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 was presented. The Altair is perceived similar to the principal industrially fruitful PC and the starting point for the PC unrest (Sysop, n.d.). Simultaneously, the possibility of conveyability (specifically for the businessman) turned into a significant concentration in the business. This new want for processing conveyability presented various new difficulties. Factors, for example, cost, weight, power source, screen and console size, generally size, and included programming introduced incredible difficulties to PC framework fashioners. There is some discussion in regards to which machine holds guarantee to being the principal convenient PC, as compact was a relative term utilized generously. The most punctual portables, while overwhelming by today’s measures, shared the basic attribute of coordinating a console, memory, processor(s), show, and expandability potential into a solitary unit ready to be moved. In 1975, around one month after the Altair’s debut, IBM presented the 5100 †named the IBM Portable PC. There were hardly any PCs accessible around this time, making the ground-breaking 5100 extremely alluring as a total convenient framework (Sysop, n.d.). At right around 60 pounds and an expense of $9,000-$20,000 in any case, it was appealing to a little crowd. It was planned explicitly for proficient and logical issue solvers. Quite a while later observed the presentation of what most students of history allude to as the main really versatile PC, the Osborne 1 (Bellis, 2005). Discharged in 1981, the Osborne 1 weighed around 24 pounds and sold for $1795. While the unit itself was still rather cumbersome, it contained an overlay out console, 5 inch screen, and two floppy circle drives. Its greatest worth in any case, was the $1500 worth of programming that accompanied it. Dissimilar to the IBM 5100, the Osborne 1 alternatively ran on battery packs, empowering genuine trans portability. Advances in innovation saw the reduction in size of convenient PCs, just as an expansion in figuring power.

Hult Students Association host inter-cohort competition Hult Blog

Written by Yvonne Kloiber, Global Ambassador and Dual Degree  Masters student. Hult Boston Campus, Class of 2017. While the end of March means spring break for the majority of students in the U.S., the Hult Boston Campus is  on hell week as we prepare and study for our final exams. Because of the stress, the Hult Student Association (HSA) decided to throw a fun competition between the different program cohorts and transformed the campus into an arena. Coincidentally, we were also celebrating that week St. Patricks Day, which gave the campus the perfect atmosphere as it was adorned with clover leaves and images of Patrick. Inter-cohort competition hosted by the Hult Student Association During the day, the HSA reps made sure that everybody found  something to participate in. The variety of games ranged from building a house of cards to dancing and sports challenges. In these activities, we applied a growth mindset as each of us was determined to never give up Building a house of cards or balancing an egg with a spoon in the mouth might seem really easy, but it actually requires a lot of concentration and skill. In these activities, we applied a growth mindset as each of us was determined to never give up, even after  our house of cards repeatedly  collapsed  or a teammate dropped the egg from the spoon. In the Student Lounge, the video game players showed their skills in Mario Cart battles. Observing the contestants, the competition mode was present and everybody was really ambitious to win the race and get valuable points for their cohort. Our ping pong table is probably one of the favorite stations in the Boston Campus for all students. During the inter-cohort competition, the players came together to find out who is the best. Have you always wanted to play FIFA on a big screen? During our cohort competition that was possible and MIB student Filbert, from the Newbury cohort, finally decided the competition for himself. During the day, healthy snacks delivered the energy needed by all participants. Playing the sack race was probably the first time since childhood for everyone and we all forgot how hard and tiring it is. Out of all the games, this was definitely one of the hardest activities that required full body strength. Shout out to an incredible staff team for competing against our students. From student services to deanery, everybody gave their best into the competition and they demonstrated to the students, that a staff team is not an easy opponent. Even though it was not enough to win, the MBA Back Bay cohort deserves a lot of respect for their strength and teamwork in the tug of war competition. The sought-after trophy was presented by our moderator and HSA member Sachin. At the end of the day, Masters of Finance students won the competition and are now the owners of the trophy until the next inter-cohort competition. This experience was not just about competing and winning, but also about having fun, working in teams, building international friendships and bringing the Hult community closer together. Yvonne Kloiber is a Dual Degree student from  Germany studying in the Hult Boston campus. She has a background in marketing and is passionate about international relations. She hopes to continue traveling the world after Hult and pursue a global leadership development program. Hult offers a range of highly skills-focused and employability-driven business school programs including a range of MBA options and a comprehensive one year Masters in International Business. To find out more, take a look at our blog Why going to business school in 2019 is a resolution you should keep. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI News Is mail a dying form for businesses and marketing? Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Against Animal Testing - Essay - 1399 Words

I am not interested to know whether vivisection produces results that are profitable to the human race or doesn’t †¦. The pain which it inflicts upon unconsenting animals is the basis of my enmity toward it, and it is to me sufficient justification of my enmity without looking further† – Mark Twain According to Alex Gordon’s 2005 book, Animal rights: The argument of animal testing, animal testing was first discovered in 1859 by Charles Darwin to help him understand the human body. Since then, animals have been subjected to millions of test each and every year (p. 2). Everything from perfume to hand soap is tested on animals to see if it cause any harmful effects to humans. Animal testing involves inducing chemicals or substances†¦show more content†¦It is dangerous and to put it simply, moronic to apply data from one species to another, but yet billions of dollars of research are spent on animal testing each year. There are countless examples where animals provide different results than humans for a particular experiment. For instance, penicillin has saved millions of lives since its induction in 1928, but it severely harms and will kill cats and guinea pigs. Next, morphine is a sedative for the human body while it is a stimulant for goats, horses, and cat s. Also, the drug Strychnine kills humans but not monkeys, and Belladonna is deadly to humans yet harmless to rabbits. Once again, research findings in other species cannot be automatically distributed to humans. Next, animal testing is cruel and inhumane towards the animals being tested on. According to Overton’s 2006 article, â€Å"It’s not just cruel, it’s ineffective,† the Animal Welfare Act requires all laboratories to keep a count on the animals used in testing, but this act does not require scientists to count mice, rats, and birds which are used in about 80% to 95% (p. 5). Because these animals are not covered and remain uncounted, millions of these animals could have suffered without knowing. Thousands of cosmetics and household products are tested on animals each day, most of them causing the animal severe pain. Most of the products do not work on the first trial and causeShow MoreRelated Against Animal Testing Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to tell you why animals testing is wrong, what the drug and cosmetic companies do to these poor creatures. Drug testing on animals is unnecessary because animal‘s body never reacts to drug like humans . Drug and cosmetic companies are the biggest animal tester. They have a lot of drug recalled because animal testing didnÂ’t show that they where harmful. It is just a waste of money, time and effort to test on animals because 60% of the time it just torments the animals and never benefits anyoneRead More Against Animal Testing Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing has started long back in the ancient Greek times. Greek physician Galen dissected animals, this became known as vivisection, which he studied. Since then animal testing has long grew. Over the many years our people have been either against or with animal testing. Animal testing has been an issue that has been occurring for many years and will continue into our future. Over the years our culture has created organizations for people both sides of this topic trying to convince othersRead MorePersuasive essay against animal testing764 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Essay against Animal Testing Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"I am in favour of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being.†Ã‚  I couldn’t agree more with this statement as I do not believe that animal testing is right and I am totally against it. One of the main reasons I am against animal testing is the fact that the animals don’t have a choice and are being forced to be tested, which can lead to them getting seriously ill or dying as a cause of theRead MorePersuasive Speech Against Animal Testing Essay1992 Words   |  8 PagesTopic: Animal Testing Purpose: To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and unethical Relevance: animals are people too and no one wants an animal to suffer for the wrong reasons Intro Imagene being taken to a place where you are locked up, with barely any room for movement, in a small cage. You are taken every once in a while to get your hair shaved off, and things rubbed into your skin that could potentially make your hair never grow back, or it burns you and makesRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned891 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are Animals Every year millions of animals are burned, tortured and crippled in research that does not even result in safer products for humans. In fact, more than 90% of experimental drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animals do not work for humans and are considered unsafe. Animal testing is barbaric; the small benefit that may be gained through testing in no way rights the torture these animals are put through. Not only is the testing harmful to the animals, it is extremelyRead MoreAnimal Testing is Cruel1340 Words   |  5 PagesAll around the globe, animal testing has been the most controversial and frequently debated topic. Animal testing is cruel, however, it has helped us develop and become more advanced in sciences and technology. Below are the points and reasons for and against the motion, discussed to help you pick your side. Issues related to animal experimentation are frequently discussed these days, particularly in the media. It is often said that animals should n ot be used in testing because it is cruel and unnecessaryRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1522 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, there has been an enduring controversial issue and that is animal testing and research. Since the beginning of medicine, animals were used in the testing of drugs, vaccines, and medical devices to determine the safety of a product due to their similarities in diseases with humans. However this is considered unnecessary due to the creation of alternatives for animal testing. Despite these alternatives the majority of animal testing still has not come to halt. This issue deserves to be attentiveRead MoreEssay Animal Testing730 Words   |  3 PagesExploratory Essay: Animal Testing Animal testing is an extremely controversial topic because it deals with delicate matters and matters of humanity. Animal testing is intended to help consumers buy safe and healthy products, but they are torturing innocent animals by doing so. People that are in favor of animal testing usually are also advocates for medical research and progress, though there have been other proven methods of research. But they don’t think of it as tormenting and killing animals. OnRead MoreKilling Animals982 Words   |  4 Pageswonder how animals are being processed in the industry? Well I can only tell you that it’s one hell of a disaster, but it’s our way of life being human. We humans have been killing animals for survival since we have been evolved. Long time ago there were no rights or laws for killing a certain animals because the human population was very modest. Killings animals since the Stone Age has been done because we needed the food, fur to survive and sustai n life. Nowadays we struggle to keep the animals populationRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1509 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is intended to express the use of animals in scientific research. Every year more than 115 million animals around the world have been used in laboratory experiments (Human Society International,2012). They include animals that are generally used in medical research such as cats, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats and monkeys. This experience has a major role in the progress of medicine. For example, it has been used in the development of drugs and surgical procedures and artificial

Global Business Plan Operation Mission, Vision, And...

Global Business Plan-Operation To formulate an organization business plan, mission, vision and objective guidelines are essential factors. The given paper provides great information in regards to organizational objectives, mission, and vision of A Team Oil (ATO) and how the identified information are helpful in its expansion while maintaining the competitive advantage. Mode of Entry Entering into new markets will give A Team Oil many opportunities to expand and grow as a company. By expanding, it opens up countless opportunities to generate more business and increase revenue. Expanding in Spain will allow the company to become a household name throughout the world. Being known within different countries is something that every†¦show more content†¦Although there may be a good market and consumer base, it will give A Team Oil to increase the consumer base by offering promotional deals and incentives to new customers. This acquisition of the company also comes with experienced employees that may not need extensive training, but they will only need to be trained on A Team Oil’s policies and procedures. The second entry mode would be contract manufacturing in Spain. This entry mode would allow A Team Oil to have a contract between local manufacturers to produce a product to the company’s expectations. This entry mode will generate employment for people that live in Spain as well as generate foreign exchange, which can increase revenue. This is a great way to build a strong business relationship in Spain and allow for more expansion. Cross-Cultural Factors Spain is one of the most captivating countries that have contributed to its unique culture and history to the modern world we know as today. Before Spain was established, it was a tag and war between many civilizations that claimed the land of Spain, and it is not until later date around the1500s it established as a country, Spain. As United Sates, back in the day, it was a colonial country that was built by many cultures with unique characteristics that welcomed large quantities of immigrants from all over the world. The both are not different in a sense of how it became a

An Unexpected Gift Essay Example For Students

An Unexpected Gift Essay Marisol walked into the large highschool building. There were people socializing in little groups all the way down the long main hall. She glanced at her schedule and headed tward her first class. On her way she passed people she would have waved to in middle school, people that wouldve smiled were they not so obsorbed in themselves now, they didnt notice her. In her first class of the day, which was English, she sat in the corner behind a group of cackling girls. They girls passed notes to her, but only for her to pass on. They girl who appeared to be their leader, spoke with a lisp, and when shed swing her head around almost hitting Marisol with her hair, shed apologize and claim shed forgotten anyone was behind her. Marisol wasnt suprized; Marisol thought the girl hat probably forgotten her own name at times. The rest of the day was just as eventful; people shoving past her in the hall, groups of guys and girls passing notes and she was invisable. At the end of the day, Marisol hung up a picture of her mother in her locker. She cried soft tears quietly, as she painfully remembered the night her mother took her last breath, which had only been weeks ago. Thoughts of her mothers smile, laugh, voice, and kind words made her heart ache. Marisol! Ive been looking all over for you! Tamera, Marisols best friend, interupted her mournful thoughts. Tamera was a short medium sized red-headed girl, with a big smile on always. Oh, honey, are you okay? Tamera embarrassed Marisol. Yes Im fine. Marisol replied solumnly. Okay, good. I found this little piece of paper in our locker this mourning. It had your name on it, but I didnt think youd mind if I read it. Tamera handed the magled note, which clearly had been folded neatly at one time, to Marisol. It says like, all this stuff about angels watching you, and that, like, you should smile, and all kinds of stuff. I think youve got an admirer! Tamera smirked and waited as Marisol unfolded the note, whos previous sharp folds had been forced into an odd uneven square. The handwritting looked beautiful, and it was printed in green ink. Each word seemed specially chosen and made her heart fill with joy. As her eyes passed over each word she felt lighter and happier than she had all week. She couldnt help but smile. Marisols first day of highschool started out so poorly earlier, shed thought shed go home and cry. After reading the words of someone, some amazing person with an angels mind who obviously loved her very much, Marisol no longer felt invisable. In fact she knew she wasnt invisable and couldnt be if there was someone out there that she inspired to write those beautiful special words that were written only for her.

What is popular culture Persuasive Essay Example For Students

What is popular culture? Persuasive Essay Popular culture this way is the (authentic) culture of the people, such us folk culture. But also creates problems. Who qualifies for inclusion in the category the people and it evades the commercial nature of much of the resources from which the culture is made. (Storey, 1998, p. 8) A fifth definition of popular culture, is one which draws on the political analysis of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci , issue the term hegemony to refer to the way in which dominant groups in society, through a process of intellectual and moral leadership seek to win the consent of the subordinate groups in society. We will write a custom essay on What is popular culture? Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The balance between the incorporation, higher groups in our society which force the subordinate groups and the resistance of the last, is popular culture. This works in what Gramsci calls compromise equilibrium. As Bannet explains:the field of popular culture is structured by the attempt of ruling class to win hegemony and by forms of opposition to the endeavour. In neo-Gramscian theory, there is one more approach of popular culture, which suggests that theory of popular culture is contested site for political constructions of the people and their relation to the power bloc'. The people are explained as a variety of social groups from various classes, which are distinguished by the economically and politically powerful groups. Because this is to make popular culture sound too much political we can consider Fiskes argument that popular culture is what people make from the products of the culture industries. (Storey, 1998, p. 11-12) A sixth definition of popular culture is post-modern culture, which no longer recognizes the distinction between high culture and popular culture. For some, this provides a reason to celebrate the end of the elite view built on arbitrary distinctions of culture (high culture as trashy and worthless). In this respect all cultures are equally worth. For others, it is a reason to despair at the final victor of commerce over culture, as authentic culture becomes co modified and commercialized. Popular culture is connected to urbanization and industrialization. Its connected to a capitalist market economy and involved a separation between the classes based on economies (who controls the culture industries and who gives them the economic power). Popular culture is hard to pine down or define. When we talk about popular culture, what we are defining is in relation to mass culture, working class culture, folk culture etc. popular culture should be considered as part of culture in general, and it should not be looked upon as inferior.

How to Say of Course in Spanish

How to Say of Course in Spanish If you want to indicate that something is obvious, just as you would do in English with the phrase of course, here are some words and phrases that you can use, some of them are adverbs of affirmation. Of course, when translating such sentences to English, you arent limited to the phrase of course or those used here; depending on the tone of the conversation, you can also use words such as obviously and certainly. Claro A literal translation of claro is clearly, although of course often works, depending on the context: Claro que irà © a Costa Rica a ver a Cristiano. (Of course, Ill go to Costa Rica to see Cristiano.)Sà ­, sà ­, claro, estoy muy contenta. (Yes, yes, of course, Im very happy.) ¡Claro que sà ­! (Of course!) ¡Claro que no! (Of course not!) ¡Claro que fue gol! (Of course, it was a goal!)La diferencia, claro, es que la droga es ilegal. (The difference, of course, is that the drug is illegal.)Claro que el paà ­s est dividido entre los que trabajamos y los que no trabajamos. (Clearly, the country is divided between those of us who work and those of us who dont work.) Desde Luego As is the case with other idioms, the phrase desde luego doesnt make much sense if you try translating it word for word (since later). But in some areas it is a popular way to say of course:  ¡Desde luego! (Of course!) ¡Desde luego que no! (Of course not!)Desde luego que habrà ­a un nuevo plan. (Of course thered be a brand-new plan.)Desde luego que vamos hacerlo lo ms rpido posible. (Of course, were going to do it as quickly as possible.)Jimmy Page es un gran guitarrista, desde luego. (Jimmy Page is a great guitarist, of course.) Por Supuesto Por supuesto is also very common:  ¡Por supuesto! (Of course!) ¡Por supuesto que no! (Of course not!)Por supuesto creo que el estado debe ayudarnos. (Of course I believe the state should help us.)Estoy muy satisfecha, por supuesto. (Im quite satisfied, of course.)Por supuesto, vamos a analizar todo lo que pasà ³. (Obviously, were going to analyze everything that has happened.) Be aware that sometimes por supuesto can be part of a longer phrase to indicate that something is supposed rather than proven, as supuesto is the past participle of suponer, which often means to suppose: Detuvieron al hijo del actor por supuesto abuso. (They arrested the actors son for alleged abuse.) Es un Hecho Que Es un hecho que can be used to indicate that something can simply be assumed: Es un hecho que los senadores tambià ©n aprobarn el programa. (It can be taken for granted that the senators will also approve the program.)Creo que es un hecho que el cambio del clima se debe al hombre. (I believe its a given that climate change is mans doing.) Other Adverbs Other possibilities include the adverbs obviamente (obviously), seguramente (surely) and ciertamente (certainly), although of course the choice of translation depends on the context: Obviamente la pregunta est formulada de esa manera para confundir a la gente. (Obviously the question is worded that way to confuse people.)Compramos muchas cosas y obviamente compramos trajes de baà ±o. (We bought a lot of things, and obviously we bought swimsuits.)Seguramente prefieren lo mismo que nosotros. (Surely they prefer the same thing as we do.)Ciertamente no quiero ser parte de ello. (Certainly, I dont want to be part of that.)Nuestro profesor, ciertamente, es à ºnico. (Our teacher definitely is unique.)Las casas estn deterioradas y seguramente requerirn de una inversià ³n grande. (The houses are deteriorated and surely will require a large investment.)

The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art" explores Contemporary Art's Nature of Beauty. Many artists have realized that there are problems in the world and have been working to try to change their role. This shift in the production of art to something that is more commentary and call to action is forcing the viewing public to change the way they think about art as well as the form in which the art is expressed. â€Å"Vision is not defined by the disembodied eye, as we have been trained to believe. Vision is a social practice that is rooted in the whole of being†. In describing this break, Gablick describes a project conducted by a friend on the Rio Grande River in which the journal of the friend documents the emergence of the river itself as artist and the relationship it develops with the friend as art. Rather than simply an ecological clean-up effort, Gablick argues that Dominique Mazeaud’s project was artwork because of the way it was serving to bring out the beauty of the river as it was being cleaned up and as a realization of nature as a living, breathing thing with which one could have a relationship. In discussing this project, Gablick argues against critics who claim art as social commentary reduces its aesthetic value by arguing that such art works to create a more beautiful world and to heal the soulless attitudes held toward the physical world. Gablick concludes her article with transcriptions of dialogue she had with other artists. Thomas Moore indicates that art is the most important.

Virgin Queen Elizabeth I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virgin Queen Elizabeth I - Essay Example Thesis statement: Virgin Queen Elizabeth I’s fame/ notoriety is interconnected with her hatred to marriage, her controversial relationships with a number of noble class men, and her manipulation of relationships for political purposes. Virgin Queen: biographic information One can see that Virgin Queen’s life history is interconnected with the history monarchy in England, especially the history of Tudor dynasty. She was born (say, in the year 1533) to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Lehman made clear that â€Å"Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Place on September 7, 1533, and Henry VIII was so certain that the child would be his longed for son that announcements were printed for the birth of a prince† (396). But her childhood was not so peaceful because her mother’s execution and related issues (say, the declaration of illegitimacy) deeply influenced her character and behavior. Later, in the year 1558, she was able to be the queen regent of the British Empire. As pointed out, her ability to manipulate relationships helped her to be a strong and able ruler. Besides, she connected her political supremacy with the religious context of England. For instance, she made use of her status as the regent queen of England to control the Protestant Church in England. This is important in her growth and development of a mighty ruler because she was able to settle the clash between the state and the religious authorities. On the other side, she was not able to maintain discipline in her personal life. She never tried to act according to the opinion of her well-wishers, but decided to remain unmarried. From a different angle of view, she celebrated her status as a virgin queen and it deeply influenced her character. Virgin Queen passed away in the year 1603. Queen Elizabeth I: virgin or not From a different angle of view, Queen Elizabeth I is considered as virgin because of her decision on marriage. One cannot prove that her status as a virgin is intercon nected with her virginity because she used to maintain intimate relationships with a number of male friends. So, her virginity is not an important factor of her status as a virgin. Pratt made clear that â€Å"Elizabeth did not feel the same sense of urgency to marry, declaring in 1559, â€Å"In the end, this shall be for me sufficient, that a marble stone shall declare that a Queen, having reigned such a time lived and died a virgin† † (39). Her choice in her personal life transformed her into an efficient ruler. Besides, her eligible status (not virginity) helped her to enjoy a special position in the society. On the other side, she made use her status to fulfill her political aims. Triefeldt stated that â€Å"Having decided never to marry, the virgin queen became very good at using her single status as a political tool† (72). For instance, her eligible status helped her to create a unique persona among the rulers of Europe. Her declaration that she is not read y to marry anyone because she is already married to England was helpful to maintain her political supremacy. To be specific, the patriarchal society in England never allowed women to be successful in the political context. So, Queen Elizabeth I decided to be single in her personal life and it helped her to be in the limelight. In short, Queen Elizabeth I’s fame as a virgin is not related to her virginity. Instead, she is generally considered as a virgin because she was not ready to marr

A View from the Bridge Essay Essay Example for Free

A View from the Bridge Essay Essay A View From The Bridge’ is a play that was first staged in 1955. It was written by Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller was born into a Jewish family in New York in 1915, whose grandparents had come to America from Poland. When the family business failed, they moved to Brooklyn, where A View from the Bridge is set. There, Miller worked in a warehouse to earn money for his university fees. He began to write plays when he was in university and continued to write them after he graduated and became a journalist. In the play, loyalty dictates the events very strongly as because of Eddies mixed emotions for Catharine he chooses to be more loyal to her than to all of his family. Miller shows the importance of loyalty through Eddie telling Catharine the ‘Vinnie Bolzano’ story. Catharine’s reaction shows the audience that in Italy, family loyalty is the most important thing as Catharine is both shocked and horrified that Vinnie snitched on his own Uncle this is why she shockingly says ‘The kid snitched? Miller uses this as an opportunity to tell the audience that the Italian American community is very loyal, which makes Eddie’s betrayal even more shocking. Because Vinnie snitched on his Uncle he could never show his face in public because every one despised and loathed him this is why Beatrice says ‘I never seen him again’. This also shows that the Italian American Community has a very ‘if you snitch on one of us, you snitch on all of us’ mentality. Another way that Arthur Miller portrays the importance of loyalty in the play is the references Eddie uses to Catharine’s Mother. this quote shows that Eddie tries to use the promise he made to Catharine’s Mother as an excuse for being so strict and this is why he says ‘I promised your Mother on her death bed’. This is why he doesn’t want her working in the dodgy part of town; where as it is because of the emotions he feels toward Catharine and he doesn’t want her to have another male figure in her life who could be more important than he is. One of the most important scenes in the play is the ‘Phone Call’ scene which shows Eddie changing his loyalties from his family and friends, to just Catharine. ‘Give me the number for the immigration bureau’ this shows Eddie doing what Vinnie Bolzano didand snitching on Marco and Rodolpho, he does this because of the mixed and confusing emotions he feels for Catharine. Miller also uses stage  directions in the scene such as ‘A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage; a faint, lonely blue’ I think that Miller uses the Lighting on the phone booth to show the audience the conflict going on in Eddie’s head; to loose every thing (his family and friends friendship, love, trust and loyalty) but keep Catharine for himself When the immigration officers arrive at the house, Eddie looses the respect and loyalty from his family. Beatrice realizes what Eddie has done when she says‘My God, what did you do? ’. She is completely shocked and horrified as Eddie was a loyal and family orientated man. Miller uses this quote to show the audience that Beatrice is astounded and aghast that Eddie has chosen Catherine over her, even though she is his wife. Marco is furious with the fact that Eddie has just ruined any chance of him getting an American citizenship, this now means that Marco wouldn’t be able to get a well paid job and support his family back in Italy. This is why he says ‘That one! He killed my children! That one stole the food from my children’ this is because although Eddie hasn’t directly murdered Marco’s family, his actions will lead to Marco getting deported and he wouldn’t be able to give his family money to buy food and they would consequently die. The audience would be shocked by what he is saying as he is insulting Eddie who Miller has made out to be the confused character who although he is doing something terrible he thinks that he is doing it for the right reasons, and the audience would therefore feel sorry for him. Miller uses the loyalty theme to show the weakness of men, Eddie betrays his family and community because of the mixed emotions he feels for Catharine.

Essay --

Rockets were first introduced in 1232 AD. Therefore, they have a very long and extensive history. At first, rockets were just used as weapons, but as early as 1806 they began being used for space travel. The first rockets that were made, were made in China. This was during the time that black powder was discovered. Several years later the largest rocket in the world was built which took 18 months to finish. Many of us don’t think of all the work that has been put into creating rockets. From the tiny weapons that were used to fight off enemies, to the 300 foot tall contraption that sends people to space, rockets have forever changed history and the way that space travel has developed. A rocket is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine. Rocket engine exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use. Rockets are powered by engines, and engines work by action and reaction. Pushing the rocket forward and then throwing the exhaust backwards causes the rocket to go into the air extremely fast. While comparatively inefficient for low speed use, rockets are relatively lightweight and powerful, capable of generating large accelerations and of attaining extremely high speeds with reasonable efficiency. Rockets are not reliant on the atmosphere and work very well in space. Unlike ordinary engines, rockets carry their own supply of oxygen to burn its fuel. As rockets have gotten bigger and bigger so have the engines. The largest rocket in the world which took 18 months to build was NASA’s Saturn V model. Werner von Braun designed this rocket. He developed a rocket that got the first grou p of men to the moon in July of 1969. The technology of rockets was first k... ... influenced by the Mongol invasions of the previous few centuries. Chemical rockets are the most common type of rocket and they typically create their exhaust by the combustion of rocket propellant. Chemical rockets store a large amount of energy in an easily released form, and can be very dangerous. However, careful design, testing, construction and use minimize risks. In space, there are better ways of propulsion. Many of them get much more mileage, but they are slower and require an electric power source. Once we start to industrialize space, we will surely assemble large "space trucks" in low Earth orbit to haul payloads around space much more efficiently, using something else besides chemical rocketry. However, for people, who need to be transported quickly, we can assume we will be using chemical rocketry in the first stage of large scale space development.

Mary Kay India: The Hair Care Product Line Opportunity Essay

1. How would you characterize the branded and packaged Indian hair care category in 2010? In 2010, with Lotus & Bamboo soap bar was introduced by Mary Kay in India, May Kay was approved a customized product for a specific country or region market for the first time. Moreover, the branded and packaged Indian care category of Mary Kay was growing up and expanding its product to attract more potential customers. Mary Kay brand has been developing massive products in India until 2010 with lower price compared with past several years. By late 2010, there were more independent beauty consultants in more regions in India, and most of the businesses were distributed in northern, western and northeastern area of India. Simultaneously, in the late 2010, Mary Kay also meets competition from other representative of hair care products. Market research has shown that the growth potential of around 50% for the coming 5 years between 2010 and 2014. 2. How would you assess the â€Å"fit† of a hair care product line with Mary Kay’s offering in India? The acceptance of hair care products line is growing with changes of hair care habit of customers in India. Personally, the â€Å"fit† project of hair care product line with Mary Kay’s offering in India was pretty successful and in time. Based on the unique hair care habit among Indians, it might be a slow process to introduce the products into a new Asian market for Mary Kay. After all, hair cares like shampoo and conditioner are not as easily as soap bars to be accepted in India, which means changing hair care lifestyle for most people there. Therefore, launching hair care products in 2012 is the very time for India. Additionally, independent beauty consultants are the positive factor to motivate to sell products in India. Furthermore, low price promotion strategy also worked for selling hair care in India, according to the data in the case, nearly 87 percent of hair care products were sold at mass-market prices, however, only 13 percent of the products were sold at  prestige or premium prices. 3.What is the market potential for a hair care marketed by Mary Kay India? According to the research, the Indian upper and consuming classes were growing and were expected to total over 500 million individual, which might be reckoned as potential consumers of hair care products. It seems that Mary Kay India is targeted to young, working people who are pursuing good look with an average age of 26, especially women group. Given to the increasing population in India, in the coming years, the number of young generation will also be expected to grow up. Meanwhile, the expected young generation will grow up under impact of new body care lifestyle in India, (who are accustomed to using shampoo and conditioner instead of oil, washing hair frequently, caring about the appearance),thus, it could be forecasted that the market of hair care products would be extended in the near future. 4.At what dollar sales volumes will the Mary Kay India hair care line be profitable? Give to the estimated scale of production of a total of 600,000 units of the 6-milliliter sachets, total cost of production and distribution would probably be $600,000. Then, the highest estimated total cost of production and delivery for the 100 milliliter bottles would be $1,410,000, but the lowest would sum up to $1,110,000. Moreover, when take advertising, promotion, and sales into consideration, the costs would probably come to $705,000, while the highest total amount of sales could be even more than $2,715,000. 5. Should Mary Kay introduce a hair care line in India? Why or Why not? As far as I am concerned, Mary Kay should introduce a hair care line in India. On the basis of the data above, the highest total amount of sales could come to $2,715,000 for Mary Kay, which means huge profit in India market. What is more, as the transformation of lifestyle among young Indians, the number of people who tend to use hair care products could rise up in the coming decades. Once hair care products are accepted by Indian people, it means more opportunities and profit growth point for Mary Kay brand. For instance, Mary Kay company could develop more hair care products with specific functions to satisfy the increasingly demand among people. Lastly, another  advantage to introduce Mary Kay to India is that labor price in India is pretty low, which illustrates that the cost to produce hair care products in India could be controlled easily. In general, introducing hair care products to India is a wise action for Mary Kay company.

Break-even point analysis Business Plan

Break-even point can be defined as the financial point/position where the costs used to produce a certain product equals the revenue it generates. At this point, the respective firm will have not received any profit or loss  (Eddie, 2009). Mathematically this can be represented by: TC=TR Where: TC is Total Cost TR is Total Revenue When a firm realizes its break-even point, it ought to assess if it will be possible to produce more quantities or not. If it can then they would be better off but if it can’t then they will have to reduce the fixed costs, variable costs or increase the prices of the produce  (Peter, 2010). For instance, assuming the price charged per musical performance is $200, this will be the revenue received. Now if, as given, the fixed costs are $100, $200 and $200 for gas, travel and food giving a total cost of $500, there would be a loss of $300. This therefore means that if the costs cannot be reduced to below $200 or charges per musical performance be adjusted over $500, there would be incurred losses: a loss of $300 per musical performance. The above can be addressed by renegotiating the charges earned and/or adopt cheaper travelling means. To calculate the break-even quantity: FC/(P-VC) This in our example will be: $500/($200-$0)= 2.5 This means that to realize break-even point, 2.5 performances must be done in a month. To realize profits, more performances must be done. For instance, if 3 performances are conducted in a month, there revenue of $600 would be earned leading to a profit of $100. Limitations The limitations of using this sort of analysis are: It assumes the rigidity of FC, claiming they are constant. It only relies on the cost deriving its analysis from it thus not giving the business no prediction of the sales. It assumes linearity of the variable costs References Eddie, M. (2009). Accounting. London: Pearson Education Limited. Peter, A. (2010). Accounting and finance: compiled from accounting: introduction. London: Pearson Education Limited. Steve, A. . (1999). Cost accounting. London: Jones Barlett learning.

The Yellow Birds By Kevin Powers - 897 Words

Some believe that birds help express spiritual freedom and psychological liberation with the different colors of birds that are associated with various meanings; specifically the yellow bird means you should keep your guard up. In the novel, The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers, John Bartle becomes guarded and isolated because of his internal battles created by his experiences from war. Bartle struggles with the lack of control he has over the events that happen to him in during his time in the military. He fights with his helplessness when he tries to transition to his lifestyle at home. He also cannot control how he changes as a person. When we think of war we think of the physical damage we see on the exterior but what we cannot see is the psychological damage in the interior of a person. Bartle’s lack of control over the situations he faces in the military leaves him powerless. He soon realizes this early in the book as Powers writes, â€Å"the war came to me in my drea ms and showed me its sole purpose: to go on, only to go on. And I knew the war would have its way† (6) He understands that no matter what he does or whatever happens to him at war, the war will continue on. Bartle respects his sergeant, Sterling, because he is in control of his changing world; he know what it takes to be at war. But Bartle also hates him for the fact that Sterling has an authority to command whether he dies or lives. An example of his command is when he decides what happens to Murph’sShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Birds By Kevin Powers1489 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel, The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers you see characters that have the intent to do good, but come up short and fail. Everybody has instances throughout their lives where they will try extremely hard, but fail in the end. A lot of these instances may even be just the smallest things, but when they happen it is never a good feeling. You will get feelings of disappointment, and anger, but the pr oblems that occur in Kevin Power’s book are much more than that. The book The Yellow Birds is a fictionalRead MoreThe Yellow Birds1036 Words   |  5 PagesValerie Paz K88875155 03/27/13 10:00 In the novel â€Å"The Yellow Birds† by Kevin Powers the story is based on a twenty-one year old soldier and his experience in the war in Iraq. The twenty-one year old man’s name is John Bartle, a survivor of the war. The novel explains about the casualties and numerous amounts of times that John is surrounded by death and decay in Al Tafar, jumping back and forth through time explaining his experiences before and after the war. This novel is a very well writtenRead MoreRyan Smithsons Ghost of War1099 Words   |  4 Pagesit produces for war authors. 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The biggest differences are between two of the main characters, Bartle and Hank and how they each handled their PTSD, pain andRead MoreJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 Pagesplayboy, and philanthropist. Witnessing the murder of his parents as a child leads him to train himself to the peak of physical and intellectual perfection, don a costume, and fight crime. Unlike most superheroes, he does not possess any superhuman powers or abilities; he makes use of intellect, detecti ve skills, technology, and physical prowess in his war on crime. Contents [hide] 1 Publication history 1.1 Creation 1.2 Early years (1939-1949) 1.3 The fifties and early sixties (1950-1963)Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Article Review Strengths And Weaknesses - 1053 Words

Article Critiques: Students will be assigned articles that address issues in research methodology and statistics. For each article, the student will be required to write a brief summary of the article, including the methods and findings. Students will then write a critique of the articles’ strengths and weaknesses (both must be included for credit). Critiques should not exceed two pages, typed. It is important to be concise and to highlight the most important points. Each article should begin with an APA-style citation of the article. Platt, J. (1964). Strong Inference. Science, 146(3642), 347-353. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1714268 Platt discussed how some scientific fields like molecular biology and high-energy physics†¦show more content†¦Having multiple hypotheses will help lead to disproofs, alternative hypotheses, and a strong inference. No scientist will be attached to his or her one hypothesis, as he will have multiple. Platt suggests that multiple hypotheses will not only lead to a strong inference, but also make the scientific search an intellectual and emotional motivation. Platt states that a theory is only a theory if it can be disproved by an experimental result. He further goes on to say that every alternate hypothesis is a pleasant prize of inductive inference. Strong inference helps scientists become more problem-oriented as long as they are willing to try new methods and not stick to just one. When experiments agree upon one or two decimal places, alternative hypotheses are not excluded, bur when an experiment agrees upon five decimal places, alternative hypotheses are excluded, but should still consider looking into alternative hypotheses. Platt states that qualitative science is better than quantitative science, but despite the kind of science proof and disproof are primary and essential. 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Astrazeneca-report free essay sample

AstraZeneca is a global biopharmaceutical company that was created when the Swedish company ‘Astra’ and the British company ‘Zeneca Group’ merged in 1999 (Jerrang Goldberg, 2011). Since then, it has immersed itself into the competitive pharmaceutical market and become a very successful business that specialises in the â€Å"research, development, manufacture and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals† (AstraZeneca, 2011). PEST Analysis Political Regulations for testing the drugs could change Growing pressure to release more cost-effective drugs Becoming increasingly harder to launch a new drug onto the market because of the regulations enforced by organizations such as the F. D. A. Economical Invested heavily abroad in emerging markets e. g. China and India Increased pressure from shareholders, leads to more mergers and acquisitions Consumers choosing not to try new products Social ( Cultural) There will always be a market for new drugs, e. g. Aging population therefore there is a shift in the drugs needed Animal rights activists could prevent the testing of a new drug to take place Technological Improved IT communications between suppliers and itself Invested heavily in software such as Lean Sigma to improve cycle time efficiency of the drugs Table 1: PEST Analysis Company Overview Porters Five Forces Image 1: Porters Five Forces In 2010, AstraZeneca’s most successful drugs were (Cooper, 2010): 1. Nexium: A drug for heartburn and stomach ulcers 2. Crestor: An anti-cholesterol drug 3. Symbicort: A drug that is used to treat asthma (respiratory drug) 4. Armidex: A breast cancer drug 5. Seroquel: An anti-psychotic treatment (SEROQUEL XR, 2011) Value Chain The value chain was developed by Michael Porter and can be a powerful tool when analysing a company’s organisation and performance. It allows key areas to be highlighted as it offers a quick but thorough overview of a company’s infrastructure allowing one to review it and determine any areas for improvement. The main point of a table such as the one below is to establish whether or not AstraZeneca PLC has any competitive advantages over its competitors. Firm Infrastructure General Management, Compliance, Global Commercial, Accounting, Finance, Human Resources and Corporate Affairs, Operations, Legal, Research and Development, Safety, PR, Quality Management, IT (Drew Fairchild, 2012) Human Resource Management Expatriate Management, effective and relevant training programmes, consistent policies for employees, recruiting and hiring new employees, motivating and rewarding employees Technological Development Increasing efficiency of employees, investment in technologies such as Lean Sigma to reduce manufacturing costs, ensuring specialised training is undertaken before implementing the various technologies, design for a new drug Procurement Restructuring, reviewing the prices of the drugs currently being sold, improving research and development costs, reviewing general and administrative costs, researching more cost effective options for buying high quality raw materials, constant monitoring of performance (Anon. , 2011) Inbound Logistics Storing and handling of raw materials Contact with suppliers Operations Manufacturing processes, research and development, human and animal testing, constant evaluation of products, clinical trials Outbound Logistics Delivery schedule that is efficient, distribution, cost-effective, transportation, fulfilling orders – predicting which products will be in demand, packaging, storage Marketing and Sales Costs, highly trained sales team, identifying target audiences and advertising accordingly, engaging the customers Service Guaranteed quality, instructions on how to fully utilise the product, extensive testing and post launch clinical studies Table 2: Value Chain for AstraZeneca PLC Business Model Key Partners Discovery: MRC Technology Columbia University University of Virginia Karolinska Institutet Merck Clinical development: Nektar (NKTR-118) Forest (Zinforo) Rigel (Fostamatinib) Launched medicines: BMS (Onglyza) Pozen (Vimovo) New Opportunities: Alcon Galderma Three-year collaboration agreement with IMS Health Key Activities Focus heavily on RD Very interested in using technology to maximise efficiency and cut costs. Channels Their customers (being mainly distributors) look towards organizations such as N. I. C. E. (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) and the FDA to approve the drugs they are interested in purchasing. New products are announced through the media along with statistics of how they compare with similar drugs on the market. Price is a main factor in obtaining customers loyalty as well as quality. Value Proposition Have personalised healthcare (PHC) where they match a patients characteristics to medicines for more effective treatment. (AstraZeneca PLC, 2010) Wide range of drugs available. Key Resources Suppliers Specialist employees, e. g. Dr. Mike Poole Invested heavily in supplier collaboration software from Ariba improved the speed of product development by reducing the time it takes to swap data with RD suppliers by 70%. (Clark, 2011) Use Lean Sigma software to maximise efficiency of manufacturing new drugs. (Johnstone, et al. , 2011) Customer Segments AstraZeneca PLC’s main target audience are healthcare professionals, such as primary care and specialist doctors. Their products are, however, marketed towards the distributors/local representatives as they are the ones that buy the products in bulk and sell them on. (Anon. , 2012) Customer Relationship Pharmaceuticals are rated highly and AstraZeneca is considered a reliable brand for quality Implemented a click-to-chat technology that allows consumers to contact a live AstraZeneca customer service representative (AstraZeneca US, 2011) They take all their complaints seriously. Cost Structure A lot of money is put towards research and development – Last year alone AstraZeneca invested almost $59 billion for only five drugs to be approved. This meant that each drug technically cost them nearly $11. 8 billion each. (Silverman, 2012) Buying start-up companies so that they can launch their drugs on to market Revenue Streams Revenue from sales New software used improves the infrastructure of the company, saving them money by being more efficient Shares Table 3: Business Model for AstraZeneca PLC Current News AstraZeneca to Sue FDA Over Anti-Psychotic Drug, Seroquel There has been a lot of hype surrounding the current law suit AstraZeneca has filed against the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning the drug ‘Seroquel’ as it is a problem that is affecting a lot of the large pharmaceutical companies – patents are expiring and smaller drug companies are therefore releasing generic forms of the drugs immediately. Seroquel is marketed as an anti-psychotic treatment for patients with depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (SEROQUEL XR, 2011). For AstraZeneca, this is a drug that generates a lot of revenue, approximately ? 1 billion in annual sales (Cooper, 2012), and the expiration of their patent has created a sudden niche in the US market that many smaller pharmaceutical companies are looking to take advantage of. AstraZeneca has a lot invested in this drug therefore the law suit would seem personal; however, they also have a very legitimate reason for going to court. The injunction they have applied for to ban the FDA from approving the generic forms of Seroquel is based on the fact that these rival companies cannot carry all of the warnings for the drug on their labels. This is due to AstraZeneca including extra information after post launch clinical studies which is still protected by exclusivity agreements potentially until the 2nd December 2012 (Cooper, 2012). Obviously it is illegal to omit possible side effects of any drug which then makes this a very serious point as it is believed the generic forms would also have the risk of â€Å"high blood sugar† and â€Å"suicidal thoughts† (Cooper, 2012) associated with the chemical quetiapine fumarate (SEROQUEL XR, 2011). Despite this, if the FDA chooses to ignore the Citizen Petitions supplied by AstraZeneca and gives its final marketing approval for the generic forms of Seroquel, the company’s revenue for 2012 will plummet a lot more than anticipated. This is because of increased competition due to loss of exclusivity (Cooper, 2012). Share Buy-Backs AstraZeneca is planning to purchase almost ? 3 billion worth of stock by the end of this year, almost double what they bought in 2010. This is a clear indicator that the fact that their patents expiring and increased generic competition is hurting the business and this is the only option they have of keeping their investors happy. Unfortunately if AstraZeneca’s free cash flow generation is less than the amount of shares they buy-back, their gearing will increase by a huge amount as they will be forced to use the money on their balance sheet (Staton, 2012). The pharmaceutical industry is a much harder market to succeed in these days because of increased competition. There is a high demand for new, innovative products that take time to develop, approve and release and although AstraZeneca is working on new products, they do not always come to fruition. Recently they have had a major project declined by the FDA that they co-developed with Bristol-Myers Squibb: Dapagliflozin which lowers the blood glucose levels of consumers with diabetes. AstraZeneca has also attempted to protect another one of its best selling drugs, Crestor, from generic-drug companies but has been denied by the US Court of Appeals as the generic forms of the drug would only be used for â€Å"treatments not covered by the patents† (Decker, 2012). These are not an ideal situation to be in as with the market constantly changing and new drugs always being in demand it would not be hard for another pharmaceutical company to surpass AstraZeneca if they had a patent for an important drug. Acquisitions of start-up companies and their products is an option that AstraZeneca will begin to fully utilise as it saves them money on the research and development, although they are still heavily invested in their own RD, and, in turn, makes them a lot of money. Share buy-backs are clearly an indicator that AstraZeneca is reshaping the business in order to focus their efforts mainly on RD as this is an area that the company relies on to increase revenue and climb the ranks in the pharmaceutical industry. Financial/Investment Analysis Financial Ratios (Investopedia ULC, 2012) Return on Shareholders Funds (ROSF): This is a percentage of money made that is returned to the shareholders as equity. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): The ROCE is the amount of money that is being made from the company’s total capital. Liquidity Ratio: A company’s ability to meet its short-term debts. It is more desirable to have a larger value of the ratio as it then indicates that the company has a higher margin of safety and will be able to pay the debts. Current Ratio: This is a liquidity ration that determines whether or not a company can use their current assets to pay off their current liabilities. A positive number is desired as this means that a company is succeeding in meeting their short-term financial obligations. Interest Cover: How easily a company can pay interest on a debt they have already accumulated. Gearing: When a company requires outside funds then gearing occurs. Gearing is the comparison of a company’s long-term debt and its equity capital. We can then apply these definitions to the following table: 2010 2009 2008 2007 ROSF (%) 47. 29 52. 31 54. 56 54. 03 ROCE (%) 27. 90 28. 99 25. 94 24. 36 Liquidity Ratio 1. 40 1. 25 1. 09 0. 99 Current Ratio 1. 50 1. 35 1. 21 1. 12 Interest Cover 11. 62 10. 02 7. 59 8. 46 Gearing (%) 70. 01 89. 78 116. 53 150. 73 Table 4: AstraZeneca PLC Financial Ratios (FAME, 2010) As can be seen from the table, both ROCE and ROSF have dropped from 2009 to 2010. However, it is still clear that AstraZeneca PLC is turning a profit as they are keeping their shareholders happy with a good percentage of money being returned to them and the company itself is making money therefore it can be assume that management is doing well. Their liquidity ratio has increased steadily through 2007-2010 which is a great indicator that AstraZeneca is able to meet its short-term debts and is gradually acquiring a higher margin of safety because of it. Coupled with the current ratio, this has also increased across the presented timeframe further illustrating that AstraZeneca is successful enough to meet its short-term financial obligations. The interest cover has increased from 2009 to 2010, showing that the company is earning more money making it easier for them to interest charges on their debt. However, the interest cover for 2007-8 suggests that AstraZeneca experienced some financial difficulties which could return in the future, despite its interest cover being as high as it now. This could be prevented by ensuring employees are happy with their work environments so they do not strike and continuously developing new products or modifying products. Although gearing has decreased significantly across the four years, it is still very high indicating that AstraZeneca will have the long-term debt it has accumulated for quite a while as the company is not generating enough revenue to pay it back quickly. This could be because they are choosing to spend their money on research and development rather than paying off their debt. Instead of relying on product revenue, AstraZeneca could look into consulting emerging companies and selling their expertise while building a relationship with them that they could use in the future. This generates more money for the company and offers a potential business partner. Overall AstraZeneca would not be a bad company to invest in as its debt it slowly decreasing and it has a history of gaining a profit at the end of the year therefore shareholders would not lose money. Industry Forces and the Market When analysing how well AstraZeneca PLC is doing, we must always consider their competitors. Competition is what motivates a company to perform to the best of their ability and deliver products of a high quality at a cost effective price, it is what drives them to discover and develop new drugs and meet all of their customers’ needs. As can be seen from the list below, AstraZeneca is ranked sixth in the pharmaceutical industry at the moment, however, with companies merging and patents expiring (Roth, 2011), AstraZeneca could attempt to climb the ranks with new, innovative ideas that fill a niche in the current market. List of the Top 10 Pharmaceutical Companies in 2011 (Roth, 2011) 1. Pfizer 2. Novartis AG 3. Merck Co. 4. Sanofi-Aventis SA 5. GlaxoSmithKline 6. AstraZeneca 7. Johnson Johnson 8. Eli Lilly Co. 9. Abbott Laboratories 10. Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical companies are ranked in terms of revenue; whichever company generates the most revenue at the end of the financial quarter is considered the most successful within the pharmaceutical industry. With this in mind it is then interesting to consider the share prices for these companies and how the analysts would advise us to invest. Company Name Share Price ($) Change/% Change P/E Ratio EPS Novartis AG (NVS) 54. 79 +0. 48/+0. 88% 14. 37 3. 78 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 45. 18 +0. 17/+0. 38% 27. 55 1. 634 AstraZeneca (AZN) 45. 11 +0. 37/0. 83% 6. 13 7. 30 Sanofi-Aventis SA (SNY) 38. 90 +0. 07/+0. 18% 13. 74 2. 8265 Merck Co (MRK) 38. 03 -0. 03/-0. 08% 18. 84 2. 02 Pfizer (PFE) 21. 94 +0. 03/+0. 14% 17. 22 1. 272 Table 5: Leading Pharmaceutical Companies Investment Analysis (InvestorGuide, 2012) As can be seen from the table, although AstraZeneca is ranked sixth in the world, its share price is greater than the leading pharmaceutical company, Pfizer. This is a good sign as it shows that their reorganisation within the company has started to come to fruition and more people will be interested in buying shares. This is one of the main goals because, as can be seen by then they will have more money at their disposable to put towards further research and development. It can also be seen that their share price is increasing as the change is positive showing that AstraZeneca is gradually climbing up the market and becoming more and more valuable. When looking to invest in a company it is always better to get a second opinion and consult the analyst charts. The chart below was taken from ‘InvestorGuide’ and shows the personal belief of 7 different analysts and their recommendations history. Current 1 Month Ago 2 Months Ago 3 Months Ago Strong Buy 2 1 1 1 Moderate Buy 0 0 0 0 Hold 4 5 6 6 Moderate Sell 1 1 0 0 Strong Sell 0 0 0 0 Mean Recommendation 2. 57 2. 86 2. 71 2. 71 Table 6: Recommendations for AstraZeneca Shares (InvestorGuide, 2012) As can be seen, 2 analysts recommend now is the best time to invest in AstraZeneca shares. Despite it appearing to be the best time to buy shares in 3 months, when compared with the 4 analysts who would prefer one ‘held’ their money and the other who thinks the best one could do with their share is sell it with hardly any profit, it definitely does not seem like it would be worth the risk anymore. However, another way of looking at it is that the share is currently at a relatively low price; therefore one could potentially save money by investing now. With this frame of mind, we must consider AstraZeneca’s share price history. Graph 1: Share Price Performance, Based on the Figures from (AstraZeneca PLC, 2007-2012) The website used for the investment analysis of AstraZeneca and its competitors is based on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) therefore the graph also reflects the American market so that it is more comparable. It is clear that, in general, from 2007 to 2012 AstraZeneca PLC’s share price has kept within a small range (approximately $55-45) despite there clearly being drops in the market, especially during 2009. Therefore, with the share price currently being at the lower end of this range it would be considered a good thing to invest now, however, one will probably not get any returns on it immediately as, from what can be seen in the graph above, AstraZeneca’s share price is more likely to get worse before it gets better again. This trend is unfortunate but at least it can be assumed that in the end, one would not lose that much money before they started making money. Technology Importance of Technology For AstraZeneca’s Chief Information’s Officer, Rich Williams, technology is the future (NGP, 2009). In 2009, he completely transformed AstraZeneca’s business infrastructure and made it the efficient and cost effective business it is today. By employing one type of technology and implementing it throughout the company he was able to reduce information systems (IS) costs by 30% and allow more time and money to be focused on research and development. Lean Sigma: Useful? Lean sigma is a type of software that is used to improve the performance of a company relative to its competitors using business improvement tools (Romeo, n. d. ). It is considered to be quite controversial as some specialists argue that it stifles creativity within a business due to the rigorous process improvement the technology commands, whereas others rightly point out that the software clearly helps companies save money by reducing manufacturing times (Johnstone, et al. , 2011). To understand both arguments, we must consider them separately. Lean sigma is considered a bad thing because it is perceived that the software could potentially inhibit an environment in which innovative ideas are able to flourish as it is not able to think outside the box. However, in practice it has been proven that despite the nature of the idea, the programme has been able to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the drug making cycle (Johnstone, et al. , 2011). The graph below summarises the stage of innovation (Johnstone, et al. , 2011) that are completed before every new drug is released: Image 2: The Stages of Innovation, Based on (Johnstone, et al. , 2011) It is important to note the â€Å"Learning and Feedback† arrows that are incorporated into earlier phases of the diagram in order to produce the best quality product. This method is used to enhance the â€Å"probability of success† and gain, at the end, the best possible solution to launch the new drug on to society. Software such as lean sigma, is perfect for such a thing as it â€Å"improves the speed, quality and cost of manufacturing and service industries†, and overall reduces cycle time by 50% (Johnstone, et al. , 2011). Therefore, to conclude, lean sigma is helping AstraZeneca improve their process excellence by saving them money on their manufacturing process which is in turn having a positive impact on their research and development. Lean sigma is a great programme to use to take ones business to the next level and it is a technology that AstraZeneca has done well to invest in (Johnstone, et al. , 2011). The Future AstraZeneca’s plans for the future are mainly hinged on an international reorganisation of the company, intended to make sure their focus is directed towards research and development. It has always been a main focus for the second largest drug-maker as RD is what most of its money gets spent towards, which can be seen in the ‘Business Model’. The pharmaceutical company has stated that it will begin to reduce the number of disease areas it focuses on so that it can in turn produce a more specialised, better drug. Not only will it reduce the scope of its research, AstraZeneca will also be focusing a lot of energies towards gaining external collaboration. This will reduce costs for possible failures of RD as they will be able to collaborate with an emerging market that already has the basis of a great patent. It will also continue to use business improvement programmes such as lean sigma to ensure the company performs to the best of its ability and has a more flexible approach to the projects it decides to take on (Anon. , 2011). Overall, AstraZeneca is adjusting to their current situation well and has made the right decisions regarding how to bring their company forward. With changes like these, they will be able to focus more on what they specialise in, RD, and deliver a quality product to their consumers. Conclusion SWOT Analysis Strengths AstraZeneca is an innovative company that is ranked sixth in the world of all the pharmaceutical companies Total turnover from 2007-10 has generally increased showing it is a successful company (FAME, 2010) It has vested interest in all areas of drug therapy and are consistently releasing relevant drugs for the market Weaknesses As patents are expiring they are not releasing suitable replacements therefore generic forms of the drugs are dominating the market They are not releasing enough new drugs, despite the ones they do release being very relevant Opportunities Has made many partnerships with other companies Buying back shareholders for a quick turn around Restructuring the business to focus on their RD Threats Generic forms of their drugs are becoming a serious threat to their revenue Generic forms can be offered to people who are not private practice